Assessment of Diabetic and Inflammatory Markers in HIV Infected Adults with and without Diabetes Mellitus in NAUTH, Nnewi, Nigeria

Background and Aim of Study: To assess the levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, interleukin 10 (lL-10), high sensitive C - reactive protein (Hs-Crp) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in HIV infected adult individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in NAUTH Nnewi, Nigeria.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study design carried out at HIV clinic, Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching hospital, Nnewi Nigeria. A total of 150 participants were recruited using simple random sampling technique and comprised 50 HIV infected individuals with diabetes mellitus, 50 HIV infected individuals without DM and 50 apparently healthy participants without HIV nor DM (control). TNF-α, IL-10 and Hs-Crp was determined using ELISA technique. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured using standard laboratory methods.

Results: There was significantly higher mean level of TNF-alpha, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, Hs-Crp and FPG in HIV infected individuals with and without DM when compared with control group (p<0.05) respectively. Significantly higher mean valueof BMI was observed in HIV infected individuals with DM compared with HIV infected individuals without DM (p<0.05).BP was significantly higher in HIV infected individuals with DM compared with their counterpart without DM and control (P<0.05) respectively. However, the mean IL-10 level did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the groups studied.

Conclusion: This suggests some degree of inflammatory reaction in HIV infected individuals without DM and this may subsequently predispose the affected individuals to type 2 DM.