Optimizing Spacing and Nutrient Management for Enhanced Growth and Yield of Summer Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.): A Comprehensive Review

Summer green gram (Vigna radiata L.), a vital legume in many agricultural systems, requires precise agronomic practices to maximize its growth and yield. This review examines the influence of optimized plant spacing and nutrient management on the performance of summer green gram. Proper spacing is crucial for minimizing competition for resources among plants, ensuring adequate sunlight, and promoting effective pest and disease control. Different plant densities and their impact on biomass production, pod formation, and seed quality are analysed. Nutrient management, particularly the balanced application of macro and micronutrients, plays a significant role in enhancing physiological and biochemical processes in the plant. The review highlights the importance of integrating organic and inorganic fertilizers to improve soil fertility, boost microbial activity, and increase nutrient uptake efficiency. Studies indicate that appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels, along with essential micronutrients like zinc and boron, are vital for optimal plant development and yield. The synergistic effects of spacing and nutrient strategies on green gram's growth parameters, including plant height, leaf area index, nodulation, and chlorophyll content, are explored. This comprehensive review synthesizes current research findings and offers practical recommendations for farmers and agronomists aiming to enhance green gram productivity sustainably. By adopting optimal spacing and tailored nutrient management practices, significant improvements in yield and resource use efficiency can be achieved, contributing to food security and agricultural sustainability. The review underscores the need for continued research to refine these agronomic practices under diverse environmental conditions to fully realize the potential of summer green gram cultivation.