Understanding and Mitigating Biotic and Abiotic Stress in Agriculture

The presence of various biotic and abiotic stresses in the environment profoundly impacts plant growth, development, and crop productivity. Microorganisms associated with plants, such as symbiotic fungi and rhizobacteria, are pivotal in providing resistance against abiotic stresses by employing diverse mechanisms to induce osmotic responses and activate genes in plants. Optimizing resource utilization is essential to mitigate the negative effects of these stresses. Microorganisms have demonstrated significant benefits in aiding adaptation strategies and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses in crops. Thus, it is imperative for agricultural experts to develop stress-resistant plant varieties to ensure food security and farmer safety. Molecular research at the genetic level is crucial for devising mechanisms that safeguard plants from various stressors.