Epidemiological Analysis of Patients Undergoing Left Main Coronary Angioplasty

Aims: To outline the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients submitted to angioplasty of the left main coronary artery including variables regarding sex, age, number of diseased vessels, Syntax Score, in-hospital outcome, clinical aspects, comorbidities and complications in addition to compare findings with previous studies and discuss similarities and differences.

Study Design: Observational retrospective study, based on analyzes of medical records.

Place and Duration of Study: The Cardiology Service of the Hospital de Clínicas Complex of the Federal University of Paraná – Brazil, between January 2016 and December 2020.

Methodology: Data were collected from patient records undergoing angioplasty in the cardiology service. After analyzing, patients who had undergone angioplasty of the left main coronary artery were selected for the study. Information obtained was organized in the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet editor, being categorized and classified according to the analyses. For the analysis of the outcome of complications, the “t” test was performed for the continuous variables and “chi-square” test for binary variables. The value of p considered was 0.05.

Results: The study had 31 patients. Most patients (83.87%) were over 60 years old. Age ranged from 47 years to 88 years old (mean age 69.5 years). The single coronary trunk lesion left occurred in 1 patient. A total of 20 patients had a main left lesion, in addition to lesions in at least 3 vessels. The Syntax Score showed an average of 23.6. 8 patients experienced procedure complications.

Conclusion: A high Syntax Score was associated with a higher risk of complications, as well as female sex. Thus, it is concluded that coronary intervention percutaneous intervention in the left main coronary artery showed excellent results, demonstrating safety and good success rates, consistent with the literature. A rate of cardiac and cerebrovascular events was low, which demonstrates similarity with other existing studies.