Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus an Important Enemy against us; Why Investigation of Their Main Toxins Reveals Contradictory Data

Community-Acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains are serious human pathogens because of their micro floral abilities; resistance to clinically important antibiotics and ability to evade the host immune defences. Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are the main important virulence factors of CA-MRSA. The aim of this work was to provide an explanation on why there are contradictory findings in studies of PVL and PSMs. Several factors such as differences in growth media or in injection mode, species-specific interaction, contamination in culture supernatants, the concentration of toxin, and exposure time that have an effect on conducting of these studies were discussed in this paper.